Bacterial d-amino acids suppress sinonasal innate immunity through sweet taste receptors in solitary chemosensory cells

Sci. Signal. Vol 10, Issue 495 05 September 2017

1. Robert J. Lee1,2,*, 
2. Benjamin M. Hariri1, 
3. Derek B. McMahon1, 
4. Bei Chen1, 
5. Laurel Doghramji1, 
6. Nithin D. Adappa1, 
7. James N. Palmer1, 
8. David W. Kennedy1, 
9. Peihua Jiang3, 
10. Robert F. Margolskee3, and 
11. Noam A. Cohen1,3,4,*

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Sci. Signal.  05 Sep 2017:
Vol. 10, Issue 495, eaam7703
DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aam7703

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The sweet taste of bacteria

Stimulation of the sweet taste receptor (T1R) in solitary chemosensory cells of the upper respiratory epithelium inhibits the release of antimicrobial peptides by neighboring epithelial cells. In addition to being activated by various sugars, T1R can also be activated by some D-amino acids.

Asthma Control and Sputum Eosinophils: A Longitudinal Study in Daily Practice

September–October, 2017Volume 5, Issue 5, Pages 1335–1343.e5

Sophie F. Demarche, MPharmCorrespondence information about the author MPharm Sophie F. DemarcheEmail the author MPharm Sophie F. Demarche

, 

Florence N. Schleich, MD, PhD

, 

Virginie A. Paulus, MLT

, 

Monique A. Henket, MLT

, 

Thierry J. Van Hees, MPharm, PhD

, 

Renaud E. Louis, MD, PhD

Open Access

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2017.01.026

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Background

Longitudinal trials have suggested that asthma control may be influenced by fluctuations in eosinophilic inflammation. This association has however never been confirmed in daily practice.

Fatal Anaphylaxis: Mortality Rate and Risk Factors

September–October, 2017Volume 5, Issue 5, Pages 1169–1178

Paul J. Turner, MD, PhD

, 

Elina Jerschow, MD

, 

Thisanayagam Umasunthar, MD

, 

Robert Lin, MD

, 

Dianne E. Campbell, MD, PhD

, 

Robert J. Boyle, MB, ChB, PhDCorrespondence information about the author MB, ChB, PhD Robert J. BoyleEmail the author MB, ChB, PhD Robert J. Boyle

Open Access

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2017.06.031

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Up to 5% of the US population has suffered anaphylaxis. Fatal outcome is rare, such that even for people with known venom or food allergy, fatal anaphylaxis constitutes less than 1% of total mortality risk. The incidence of fatal anaphylaxis has not increased in line with hospital admissions for anaphylaxis. Fatal drug anaphylaxis may be increasing, but rates of fatal anaphylaxis to venom and food are stable.

A survey on the perception of allergy specialists about the reimbursed grass pollen tablets for seasonal allergic rhinitis in Italy

Clinical and Molecular Allergy

RESEARCH

 

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Ilaria Massaro, Oliviero Rossi, Cristoforo Incorvaia and Carlo Lombardi

Clinical and Molecular Allergy201715:15

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12948-017-0071-6

Abstract

Background

Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is a feasible option to classical subcutaneous immunotherapy to treat respiratory allergy and is increasingly prescribed in Europe. However, the lack of reimbursement may limit its prescription. In 2015, the 5-grass pollen tablets was authorized by the European Medicine Agency to treat grass-pollen induced rhinitis and was approved in Italy for full reimbursement. We evaluated the opinions of allergy specialists after the availability of the reimbursed 5-grass pollen tablets.

The evolving role of tiotropium in asthma

REVIEW

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Emma R McIvor,¹ R Andrew McIvor^2
1Queen’s University, Belfast, UK; ²Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Abstract: Tiotropium is a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) that exerts its bronchodilatory effect by blocking endogenous acetylcholine receptors in the airways. Its safety and efficacy are well established for the treatment of COPD, and it is now being recognized for its role in improving lung function and control in asthma. This review discusses the evolving role of tiotropium delivered by the Respimat^® in patients across the range of asthma severities and ages, and provides an overview of safety and efficacy data.

Management of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU): a treat to target approach using a patient reported outcome

Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology

SHORT REPORT

 

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• Hermenio LimaEmail authorView ORCID ID profile,
• Melinda Gooderham,
• Jan Dutz,
• Charles Lynde,
• Hugo Chapdelaine,
• Anne Ellis,
• Martin Gilbert,
• Vincent Ho,
• Kim Papp,
• Yves Poulin and
• Gordon Sussman

Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology201713:38

https://doi.org/10.1186/s13223-017-0210-0

©  The Author(s) 2017

Abstract

Background

Treat-to-target therapy approaches are established for chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and more recently rheumatoid arthritis, resulting in improved patient outcomes. These approaches do not use patient reported outcomes (PRO) as targets of therapy. Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), also called chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU), is defined as recurrent urticaria of known and unknown cause, lasting more than 6 weeks. Treatment of CSU can be challenging. However, with the advent of proven therapies and validated instruments for measuring disease activity, the concept of treat-to-target (T2T) can be successfully applied to CSU. Herein, we propose a potential PRO therapeutic target and suggest a T2T approach for the management of patients with CSU.

Could Eosinophilia predict clinical severity in nasal polyps?

Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine 

ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

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• Figen Aslan,
• Eren AltunEmail author,
• Serpil Paksoy and
• Gulay Turan

Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine201712:21

https://doi.org/10.1186/s40248-017-0102-7

©  The Author(s). 2017

Abstract

Background

Although nasal polyps are one of the most frequent diseases, their etiopathogenesis remains unclear.Since eosinophils are the main inflammatory cells in the substantial proportion of nasal polyp tissues, they are considered potentially responsible for the etiopathogenesis and prognosis of the disease. Aim of this study was to investigate the relation between mucosal and peripheral eosinophilia and their relation with disease severity in nasal polyps.

The history and epidemiology of Middle East respiratory syndrome corona virus

Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine

REVIEW

 

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Aisha M. Al-Osail 

and

Marwan J. Al-Wazzah

Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine 2017 12:20

https://doi.org/10.1186/s40248-017-0101-8\

Abstract

Corona viruses cause common cold, and infections caused by corona viruses are generally self-resolving. During the last 4 years, corona viruses have become the most important viruses worldwide because of the occurrence of several recent deaths caused by corona viruses in Saudi Arabia. Spread of the infection occurred worldwide; however, most cases of mortality have occurred in the Middle East.